Stem cell transplants differ based on whom the blood-forming stem cells come from. Sometimes stem cells from a baby’s umbilical cord blood are used. The blood-forming stem cells used for a transplant can come either from blood or from bone marrow. (Sometimes radiation therapy is given as well.) After the treatment is finished, the patient gets an infusion of blood-forming stem cells to restore their bone marrow. This could lead to life-threatening infections, bleeding, and other problems caused by low blood cell counts.ĭoctors can sometimes use a stem cell transplant (SCT), also called a bone marrow transplant, to give higher doses of chemotherapy than could normally be given. Even though higher doses of these drugs might kill more cancer cells, they can’t be given because they could severely damage the bone marrow, which is where new blood cells are formed. Strategies to enhance immune reconstitution may augment the immune response and improve the outcome of the patients with ASCT.The doses of chemotherapy drugs that doctors can give to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are limited by the serious side effects they can cause. Further studies may need to explore pathophysiology of vaccine failure. In conclusion, ASCT patients respond well to most vaccinations except for Hepatitis B and PPSV23. We found that maintenance treatment did not interfere with the vaccine response in the patients with myeloma after ASCT. We also evaluated the effects of maintenance treatment in the myeloma patients. In addition, repeated vaccination with PPSV23 did not improve the response of failure patients. Lymphoma patients also showed a similar response pattern. 76 % of MM patients responded to PCV13 serotypes, while only 41 % responded to PPSV23 specific serotypes (p: <0.01). PCV13 includes vaccine against 13 serotypes of S. We then analyzed the pneumococcal responses according to serotype. All patients had a 59% response to pneumococcal vaccination. More than 80% of the patients had a response to H. The response was higher but not statistically significant in the lymphoma group compared to the MM group (57 % versus 43.9 % P: NS). Only half of the patients (47%) responded to hepatitis B vaccine. Diphtheria and tetanus had 89% response rate to the vaccination in all patients (Table 2). The responses to these vaccines were investigated by checking antibody titers at a minimum of two months after completion of vaccination.īoth MM and lymphoma groups had similar pre-vaccination immunologic parameters, including IgG levels, absolute CD4+, and CD4+CD45RA+ cell counts (Table 1). Haemophilus Influenza B (HiB), hepatitis B, and TDAP/TD vaccines are administered within one year after initiation of vaccination. The current ASCT protocol for active immunization includes three doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) from 6-12 months after ASCT, followed by a 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPSV23). We retrospectively evaluated 73 ASCT patients, 55 with multiple myeloma (MM) and 18 with lymphoma between 20. All myeloma and lymphoma patients with ASCT who had vaccination and measured vaccination response, were included in the study. We aim to evaluate the vaccination response after ASCT. The response to vaccination may affect the outcome of the transplant patients. Guidelines recommend revaccination of patients after ASCT as standard care. Patients with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) have a variable period of immune deficiency in the post-transplant period.
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